If you are watching a cricket match for the first time, you may notice the umpire (the person that makes decisions and officiates the game). This person makes many different signals that tell the scorers what to write down and how to score the game. Here are some examples of signals that they will make:
4 Runs - this signal indicates that a boundary has been scored and that four runs are automatically added to the batting team's score and the individual's score.
6 Runs - this indicates that the ball has been hit over the boundary and that six runs are automatically added to the batting team's score and the individual's score.
Out - this is the signal that an umpire gives to show that they have decided that the batsman is out. This is often not used if it is obvious that the batsman is out, for example, a batsman being bowled out, with the ball hitting their stumps.
Wide Ball - this signal indicates a wide ball and means that the bowler must re-bowl that ball and one run is automatically awarded to the batting side but not the individual's score. The batsman can only be out Stumped, Hit Wicket, obstructing the field and run-out, if they attempt to run.
No-Ball - this indicates that the ball is a no-ball and similarly to a wide-ball, one run is added to the batting team score but not the individual's score and the ball must be bowled again. The batter can only be run-out from a no-ball, they are protected from every other way of getting out.
Leg-Bye - this indicates that the previous run or runs came off any part of the batsman's body but not their bat, this means that the runs are added to the team score, but not the individual's score.
Bye - no, this isn't the umpire waving goodbye! But it indicates that runs scored off the last ball were byes, this means that the ball did not touch the batter at all, this most often happens because of a misfield, for example, the wicket-keeper not catching the ball and giving time to the batsman to score runs by running.
Dead Ball - this is usually called if an injury happens, the batsman is not ready or distracted (by a bird perhaps). And it is sometimes called if there is unfair play. This signal means that nothing that affects the game can occur until the ball is made live again.
Penalty Runs - this means that penalty runs have been added to either the fielding team's or the batting team's score. This usually happens if there is an infringement of the laws or some form of cheating, either intentional or accidental (one example of this could be illegal fielding)
Reverse decision - this signal is usually made when the umpire reverses their previous decision, this is most often done when an umpire is corrected by the DRS system that shows that the umpire has made a wrong decision and must change it.
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